Worker Safety Under Scrutiny: What U.S. Employment Laws Can Learn from the UK

Hurricane Helene, one of the most destructive storms in recent years, swept through the southern U.S., bringing catastrophic flooding and devastation. Tennessee was particularly hard hit, where the disaster took a tragic turn at Impact Plastics, a manufacturing plant in Erwin. Reports and lawsuits allege that some workers were allegedly forced to remain at the plant as floodwaters rose, leading to several deaths. This case has raised questions about workplace safety laws in the U.S. compared to the UK, especially in emergencies.

The Impact Plastics Case: A U.S. Employment Tragedy

During the peak of Hurricane Helene, employees at Impact Plastics allege they were ordered to stay at work despite the worsening flood conditions. Survivors and families of the victims, such as Johnny Peterson and Bertha Mendoza, have filed wrongful death lawsuits against the company, accusing them of negligence in failing to evacuate workers on time. These families claim that management prioritized production over safety, a charge now under investigation by state authorities.

In the U.S., this tragedy has highlighted the limitations of at-will employment and the potential for employers to exploit the system. Under at-will employment, companies can dismiss employees for any reason—or no reason at all—without notice. This flexibility, however, does not absolve employers from following Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, which require them to provide a safe working environment. If it is proven that Impact Plastics ignored these standards, the lawsuits could result in significant financial penalties and legal repercussions for the company.

U.S. Employment Law: At-Will Employment and Safety Regulations

While at-will employment gives U.S. companies the right to terminate employees freely, it comes with legal responsibilities to ensure worker safety. OSHA mandates that employers must prevent hazards and protect employees from danger, particularly during emergencies like natural disasters. However, as seen in the case of Impact Plastics, where workers were allegedly forced to stay in a dangerous environment, the law can sometimes fall short of protecting workers from extreme situations.

The lawsuits now facing Impact Plastics claim that management's failure to act and protect its employees resulted in preventable deaths. If OSHA finds that the company violated its safety protocols, Impact Plastics may face severe penalties beyond the civil lawsuits filed by the victims' families.

UK Employment Law: A Stronger Safety Net for Workers

In contrast, UK employment law offers far stronger protections for workers, especially regarding job security and workplace safety. The UK does not have an equivalent to at-will employment. Instead, employees are hired under permanent or fixed-term contracts and are protected from arbitrary dismissal by laws that require a formal and justified process for firing workers.

One of the UK's central protections is the right against unfair dismissal, provided by the Employment Rights Act 1996. Workers cannot be dismissed without good cause, particularly after two years of service, and employers must follow a defined procedure before terminating an employee. These protections would prevent a UK employer from arbitrarily terminating workers or requiring them to work under unsafe conditions without significant legal consequences.

The UK also has stringent workplace safety regulations under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which places a legal obligation on employers to ensure the safety of their employees. Had a similar incident occurred in the UK, where a company allegedly forced workers to stay in dangerous conditions, it would face immediate investigation by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). UK law requires employers to conduct thorough risk assessments and provide safe evacuation plans in emergencies.

The Evolution of UK Employment Law

UK employment law has evolved over centuries, shaped by labour movements, industrialization, and societal shifts toward human rights. Early labour protections emerged during the Industrial Revolution when unsafe working conditions in factories sparked the need for regulation. The Factories Act 1833 was one of the earliest laws aimed at improving workplace safety.

The labour movement grew through the 20th century, culminating in stronger worker protections, such as the Employment Protection Act of 1975, which introduced key rights like redundancy payments, notice periods, and protections against unfair dismissal. These laws were further refined with the Employment Rights Act of 1996, creating a modern framework that emphasizes both job security and worker safety.

Learning from the Tragedy

The Impact Plastics case underscores the importance of worker safety and the potential dangers of unchecked employer authority in the U.S., especially in high-risk situations like natural disasters. While at-will employment offers flexibility, it can leave workers vulnerable if employers do not prioritize safety.

In contrast, the UK's employment laws, built through years of labour activism and government reform, offer a far stronger safety net. The UK's emphasis on fair dismissal procedures and strict health and safety regulations ensures that workers are better protected in emergencies. As the lawsuits against Impact Plastics proceed, the case may spark discussions about the need for stronger employment laws in the U.S., particularly in times of crisis.